Black Pepper Description
Black Pepper (Piper nigrum) is a climber that grows to a height or length of 10 m or more. Once the main stem is established it grows many side shoots to create a bushy column.The plants form short roots, called adventitious roots, which connect to surrounding supports.
Leaves: Almond-shaped, tapering towards the tip, dark green and shiny above, paler green below, arranged alternately on the stems.
Flowers: Borne in clusters along flowering stalks known as spikes. 50–150 whitish to yellow-green flowers are produced on a spike.
Fruits: Round, berry-like, up to 6 mm in diameter, green at first but turning red as they ripen, each containing a single seed. 50–60 fruits are borne on each spike.
Fruits are picked when green and immature to produce green pepper; when fully grown but still green and shiny to produce black pepper; and when slightly riper to produce white pepper (for which the fruits are also soaked to remove the fleshy outer layer).
Black Pepper (Piper nigrum) is a flower-producing vine in the Piperaceae family and is harvested for use as a seasoning, spice, or health supplement. Black pepper falls under the category of spices and condiments on most restaurant supply sites, and it shares a space on most dining tables with salt. The eastern part of the world celebrates this dried fruit of the tree Piperaceae, as the “King of Spices” and in ancient times it was also known as “Black Gold”.
Black pepper is extensively harvested in India where it is found in Abundance. Pepper grows best in warm climates and tropical regions and Vietnam is currently the world’s largest exporter of pepper.
Black Pepper Plant and Cultivation
Typically pepper orchard consists of a small plot of land where moisture and shade were abundant. The pepper vines would be planted next to tall trees in order to be able to train the vine’s growth pattern. The idea is to get the plant to grow upwards, allowing full berry production.
Pepper plants are planted at the beginning of the monsoon season. The plants would shoot up and start to climb the taller surrounding trees. The pepper berries grow on bushes that are cultivated to heights of about 13 ft (4 m). Pepper can be grown in soil that is neither too dry nor susceptible to flooding, moist, well-drained and rich in organic matter. On dry soils the young plants require watering every other day during the dry season for the first three years. The plants bear fruit from the fourth or fifth year, and typically continue to bear fruit for seven years.
Alternatively, the pepper berries can be picked just as they begin to turn red. They are plunged into boiling water for approximately 10 minutes, and they turn black or dark brown in an hour. The peppercorns are spread in the sun to dry for three to four days before they are taken to the factory to be ground. This process is quicker than air drying alone but requires the added step of the boiling water bath.
Use
Ground, dried, and cooked peppercorns have been used since antiquity, both for flavour and as a traditional medicine. Black pepper is the world’s most traded spice and is one of the most common spices added to cuisines around the world. Its spiciness is due to the chemical compound piperine, which is a different kind of spicy from the capsaicin characteristic of chili peppers. It is ubiquitous in the Western world as a seasoning, and is often paired with salt and available on dining tables in shakers or mills.
Use black pepper as an ingredient in recipes to add flavor and spice to meats, fish, vegetables, salad dressings, soups, stir-fries, pasta, and more. You can also add a dash of black pepper to scrambled eggs, avocado toast, fruit, and dipping sauces for a spicy kick.
Health Benefits
Black pepper is not only popular spice for food, but also is a medical source for traditional medicine. Out of piperine, is made of special odor, pepper also contains iron, calcium, potassium, manganese, zinc, chromium, Vitamin A, C and other nutrition. It is recommended that pepper should be often used in the meal to achieve the following benefits :
– Enhance the nutrition conversion.
– Improve digestive activities
– Stimulate appetite
– Support in reduce of weight
– Treat arthritis
– Prevent from cancer
– Protect us from depression thanks to serotonin production to relief stress